O30 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: GeneralReturn

This paper investigates whether inflows of FDI and innovative activities act as a channel of knowledge spillovers in improving quality of countries' output. In measuring export quality, sophistication of a country's export basket is utilized. Utilizing panel data of countries for the period 2002-2015 and applying GMM methodology, the results indicate that the level of financial development, the quality of human capital and globalization of a country have a determinant role on the relation between knowledge spillover channels and the quality of exports. Patent applications generally positively affect sophistication of exports. FDI serves as a channel for knowledge spillovers to benefit the sophistication level of exports only for developed, more educated, financially developed and globalized countries.

How is knowledge distributed over space and how are different types of knowledge related? These questions have so far received little attention. In this paper we measure knowledge relatedness based on the relationship between individual patent categories by using coclassification information obtained from EPO patents. We also follow specialization of countries and its evolution over the past three decades. We focus on the EU, the United States and China. The objective of this paper is to identify the knowledge relatedness between technological fields and to map knowledge produced in selected countries. For visualization of knowledge relatedness network analysis has been used.

Many economic analyses use employer-employee data to compare wage and productivity differentials across demographic groups. We apply this approach to assess the importance of 'organizational' workers, i.e., managing and marketing personnel. The estimates based on 2000-2006 Czech worker-level data augmented with company balance sheet information suggest that these workers are important for company performance and that they are fairly rewarded for their relative productivity in terms of their relative pay. Foreign-owned companies feature higher shares of such workers who are more productive in these firms (relative to other employees) compared to domestically owned companies.

The aim and probably the biggest contribution of this paper is to produce unique data series for the capital stock and an estimate of the depreciation rate (using microeconomic data) in the transitive economies in the period 1989 - 1999 and subsequently to try to calculate the growth accounting formula. The countries of primary interest are the Czech Republic and Slovakia, where the most complete data sources are available. The paper will prove that in the first years of economic transition Central and Eastern European countries show extremely high dynamics of growth that can be attributed to increases in productivity, that is very high Solow residual.