JEL Classification
A - General Economics and Teaching
A1 - General Economics
A10Articles: 1 - General Economics: General
A11Articles: 4 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
A12Articles: 1 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
A13Articles: 5 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
A14Articles: 3 - Sociology of Economics
A19 - General Economics: Other
A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics
A20 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: General
A21 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Pre-college
A22Articles: 1 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate
A23 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate
A29 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Other
A3 - Collective Works
A30 - Collective Works: General
A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
A32 - Collective Volumes
A33 - Handbooks
A39 - Collective Works: Other
B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
B00 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches: General
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B10 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: General
B11 - History of Economic Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
B12Articles: 3 - History of Economic Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B13Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian)
B14 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Socialist; Marxist
B15 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
B16Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Quantitative and Mathematical
B17 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: International Trade and Finance
B19Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Other
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
B20Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: General
B21Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought: Microeconomics
B22 - History of Economic Thought: Macroeconomics
B23Articles: 4 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
B24 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
B25Articles: 3 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian; Stockholm School
B26Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Financial Economics
B27 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: International Trade and Finance
B29Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Other
B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B30 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals: General
B31Articles: 1 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B32 - Obituaries
B4Articles: 1 - Economic Methodology
B40 - Economic Methodology: General
B41Articles: 3 - Economic Methodology
B49Articles: 2 - Economic Methodology: Other
B5Articles: 1 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B50Articles: 1 - Current Heterodox Approaches: General
B51 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
B52 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
B53Articles: 2 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian
B54Articles: 1 - Feminist Economics
B55 - Social Economics
B59 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Other
C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
C00 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General
C01Articles: 6 - Econometrics
C02Articles: 5 - Mathematical Methods
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
C10Articles: 6 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
C11Articles: 9 - Bayesian Analysis: General
C12Articles: 9 - Hypothesis Testing: General
C13Articles: 15 - Estimation: General
C14Articles: 5 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C15Articles: 6 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
C18Articles: 3 - Methodological Issues: General
C19Articles: 3 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other
C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
C20Articles: 3 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General
C21Articles: 10 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
C22Articles: 26 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
C23Articles: 34 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models
C24Articles: 1 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models
C25Articles: 8 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
C26Articles: 1 - Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
C29 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other
C3Articles: 2 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
C30Articles: 5 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: General
C31Articles: 3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
C32Articles: 27 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
C33Articles: 21 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models
C34 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
C35 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
C36 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
C38Articles: 6 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Models
C39Articles: 2 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Other
C4Articles: 1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
C40Articles: 5 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General
C41Articles: 2 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
C42Articles: 1 - Classification Discontinued 2008. See C83.
C43Articles: 4 - Index Numbers and Aggregation; Leading indicators
C44Articles: 4 - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory
C45Articles: 1 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C46Articles: 1 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
C49Articles: 1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other
C5Articles: 5 - Econometric Modeling
C50Articles: 4 - Econometric Modeling: General
C51Articles: 19 - Model Construction and Estimation
C52Articles: 11 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
C53Articles: 13 - Forecasting Models; Simulation Methods
C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
C55Articles: 2 - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis
C57 - Econometrics of Games and Auctions
C58Articles: 12 - Financial Econometrics
C59 - Econometric Modeling: Other
C6Articles: 1 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
C60Articles: 4 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: General
C61Articles: 15 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
C63Articles: 3 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
C65Articles: 1 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
C67Articles: 4 - Input-Output Models
C68Articles: 3 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
C69 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: Other
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
C70 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General
C71 - Cooperative Games
C72Articles: 6 - Noncooperative Games
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
C79 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other
C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
C80 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General
C81Articles: 1 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
C82Articles: 3 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
C83Articles: 1 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
C87 - Econometric Software
C88 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other Computer Software
C89 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other
C9 - Design of Experiments
C90 - Design of Experiments: General
C91Articles: 2 - Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual
C92 - Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior
C93 - Field Experiments
C99 - Design of Experiments: Other
D00Articles: 2 - Microeconomics: General
D01Articles: 3 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
D02Articles: 2 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
D03Articles: 2 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
D04Articles: 1 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation
D1Articles: 1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
D10Articles: 3 - Household Behavior: General
D11Articles: 2 - Consumer Economics: Theory
D12Articles: 10 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D14Articles: 3 - Household Saving; Personal Finance
D15 - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D16 - Collaborative Consumption
D18Articles: 1 - Consumer Protection
D19 - Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other
D2 - Production and Organizations
D20Articles: 1 - Production and Organizations: General
D21Articles: 5 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D22Articles: 3 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
D23Articles: 3 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
D24Articles: 7 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
D25 - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing
D26 - Crowd-Based Firms
D29 - Production and Organizations: Other
D3 - Distribution
D30Articles: 2 - Distribution: General
D31Articles: 9 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
D39 - Distribution: Other
D4Articles: 3 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
D40Articles: 3 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: General
D41 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Perfect Competition
D42Articles: 1 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Monopoly
D43Articles: 2 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D44Articles: 1 - Auctions
D45Articles: 1 - Rationing; Licensing
D46 - Value Theory
D47 - Market Design
D49 - Market Structure and Pricing: Other
D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
D50 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General
D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
D52 - Incomplete Markets
D53Articles: 3 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets
D57 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis
D58Articles: 2 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
D59 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other
D6 - Welfare Economics
D60Articles: 1 - Welfare Economics: General
D61Articles: 3 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
D62Articles: 2 - Externalities
D63Articles: 4 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D64Articles: 4 - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
D69 - Welfare Economics: Other
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
D70Articles: 1 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General
D71Articles: 1 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
D72Articles: 6 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D73Articles: 5 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
D74Articles: 1 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
D78Articles: 1 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
D79 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other
D8Articles: 1 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
D80Articles: 5 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General
D81Articles: 3 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D82Articles: 6 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
D83Articles: 2 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
D84Articles: 4 - Expectations; Speculations
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
D87 - Neuroeconomics
D89 - Information and Uncertainty: Other
D9 - Intertemporal Choice
D90Articles: 1 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: General
D91Articles: 4 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
E00Articles: 1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General
E01Articles: 2 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
E02Articles: 4 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E1Articles: 1 - General Aggregative Models
E10Articles: 1 - General Aggregative Models: General
E11 - General Aggregative Models: Marxian; Sraffian; Kaleckian
E12Articles: 5 - General Aggregative Models: Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
E13Articles: 2 - General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical
E14Articles: 1 - Austrian; Evolutionary; Institutional
E16 - General Aggregative Models: Social Accounting Matrix
E17Articles: 3 - General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E19 - General Aggregative Models: Other
E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy
E20Articles: 5 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: General (includes Measurement and Data)
E21Articles: 2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth
E22Articles: 5 - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
E23Articles: 4 - Macroeconomics: Production
E24Articles: 8 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E25Articles: 2 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
E27Articles: 2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E29 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: Other
E3Articles: 1 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
E30Articles: 7 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data)
E31Articles: 27 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
E32Articles: 22 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
E37Articles: 9 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E39 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other
E4Articles: 1 - Money and Interest Rates
E40Articles: 3 - Money and Interest Rates: General
E41Articles: 3 - Demand for Money
E42Articles: 5 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
E43Articles: 15 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
E44Articles: 19 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
E47Articles: 6 - Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E49 - Money and Interest Rates: Other
E5Articles: 6 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
E50Articles: 4 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General
E51Articles: 9 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
E52Articles: 28 - Monetary Policy
E58Articles: 22 - Central Banks and Their Policies
E59Articles: 2 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other
E6Articles: 3 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
E60Articles: 5 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General
E61Articles: 11 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
E62Articles: 17 - Fiscal Policy
E63Articles: 3 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
E64Articles: 1 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
E65Articles: 1 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
E66Articles: 1 - General Outlook and Conditions
E69Articles: 1 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other
E70 - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: General
E71Articles: 1 - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy
F - International Economics
F00 - International Economics: General
F01Articles: 3 - Global Outlook
F02Articles: 7 - International Economic Order and Integration
F1 - Trade
F10Articles: 2 - Trade: General
F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
F12Articles: 3 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
F13Articles: 10 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
F14Articles: 16 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F15Articles: 24 - Economic Integration
F16Articles: 1 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F17Articles: 1 - Trade: Forecasting and Simulation
F18Articles: 1 - Trade and Environment
F19 - Trade: Other
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
F20 - International Factor Movements and International Business: General
F21Articles: 23 - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements
F22Articles: 10 - International Migration
F23Articles: 23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
F24Articles: 3 - Remittances
F29 - International Factor Movements: Other
F3Articles: 1 - International Finance
F30Articles: 2 - International Finance: General
F31Articles: 23 - Foreign Exchange
F32Articles: 13 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
F33Articles: 5 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F34Articles: 5 - International Lending and Debt Problems
F35Articles: 3 - Foreign Aid
F36Articles: 18 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F37Articles: 3 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
F38Articles: 1 - International Financial Policy: Financial Transactions Tax; Capital Controls
F39Articles: 2 - International Finance: Other
F4Articles: 3 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
F40Articles: 7 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General
F41Articles: 17 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
F42Articles: 4 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F43Articles: 10 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F44 - International Business Cycles
F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
F47Articles: 8 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
F49 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other
F5Articles: 1 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F50Articles: 3 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy: General
F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
F55Articles: 3 - International Institutional Arrangements
F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
F60Articles: 1 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: General
F61 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Microeconomic Impacts
F62Articles: 2 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Macroeconomic Impacts
F63 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Economic Development
F64 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Environment
F65Articles: 1 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Finance
F66 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Labor
F68 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Policy
F69 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Other
G - Financial Economics
G00 - Financial Economics: General
G01Articles: 15 - Financial Crises
G02Articles: 2 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles
G1Articles: 3 - General Financial Markets
G10Articles: 11 - General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)
G11Articles: 21 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
G12Articles: 18 - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
G13Articles: 2 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing
G14Articles: 23 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
G15Articles: 29 - International Financial Markets
G17Articles: 10 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
G18Articles: 7 - General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation
G19Articles: 2 - General Financial Markets: Other
G2Articles: 1 - Financial Institutions and Services
G20Articles: 5 - Financial Institutions and Services: General
G21Articles: 51 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
G22Articles: 20 - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
G23Articles: 10 - Pension Funds; Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
G24Articles: 3 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
G28Articles: 12 - Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation
G29Articles: 6 - Financial Institutions and Services: Other
G3Articles: 1 - Corporate Finance and Governance
G30Articles: 6 - Corporate Finance and Governance: General
G31Articles: 5 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity
G32Articles: 31 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
G33Articles: 7 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
G34Articles: 7 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance
G35Articles: 2 - Payout Policy
G38Articles: 1 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation
G39Articles: 2 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Other
G4 - Behavioral Finance
G40Articles: 2 - Behavioral Finance: General
G41Articles: 4 - Behavioral Finance: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
H - Public Economics
H00Articles: 2 - Public Economics: General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
H10Articles: 1 - Structure and Scope of Government: General
H11Articles: 5 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H12Articles: 1 - Crisis Management
H13 - Economics of Eminent Domain; Expropriation; Nationalization
H19 - Structure and Scope of Government: Other
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H20Articles: 8 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
H21Articles: 2 - Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
H22Articles: 3 - Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence
H23Articles: 4 - Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H24Articles: 6 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes
H25Articles: 7 - Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT)
H26Articles: 6 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
H27 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue
H29 - Taxation and Subsidies: Other
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
H30Articles: 5 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General
H31Articles: 3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household
H32Articles: 1 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm
H39 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H40Articles: 1 - Publicly Provided Goods: General
H41Articles: 2 - Public Goods
H42Articles: 1 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
H49Articles: 1 - Publicly Provided Goods: Other
H5Articles: 3 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
H50Articles: 9 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General
H51Articles: 3 - National Government Expenditures and Health
H52 - National Government Expenditures and Education
H53Articles: 2 - National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H54 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
H55Articles: 9 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H56Articles: 2 - National Security and War
H57Articles: 5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement
H59Articles: 1 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other
H6Articles: 1 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
H60Articles: 5 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General
H61Articles: 1 - National Budget; Budget Systems
H62Articles: 6 - National Deficit; Surplus
H63Articles: 9 - National Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
H68Articles: 2 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
H69 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other
H7Articles: 3 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
H70Articles: 1 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General
H71Articles: 5 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H72Articles: 6 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H73 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
H74 - State and Local Borrowing
H75Articles: 2 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
H77Articles: 4 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
H79Articles: 1 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other
H8Articles: 1 - Miscellaneous Issues
H80 - Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General
H81Articles: 5 - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
H82Articles: 1 - Governmental Property
H83Articles: 2 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
H84Articles: 1 - Disaster Aid
H87Articles: 2 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
H89 - Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other
I - Health, Education, and Welfare
I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare: General
I1 - Health
I10Articles: 2 - Health: General
I11Articles: 4 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12Articles: 2 - Health Behavior
I13Articles: 1 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I14 - Health and Inequality
I15Articles: 1 - Health and Economic Development
I18Articles: 8 - Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
I19Articles: 1 - Health: Other
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
I20 - Education and Research Institutions: General
I21Articles: 3 - Analysis of Education
I22Articles: 1 - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
I23Articles: 4 - Higher Education; Research Institutions
I24Articles: 1 - Education and Inequality
I25Articles: 1 - Education and Economic Development
I26Articles: 2 - Returns to Education
I28Articles: 1 - Education: Government Policy
I29 - Education: Other
I3Articles: 1 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I30Articles: 1 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General
I31Articles: 7 - General Welfare; Well-Being
I32Articles: 2 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
I38Articles: 4 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
I39 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Other
J - Labor and Demographic Economics
J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics: General
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08Articles: 3 - Labor Economics Policies
J1 - Demographic Economics
J10Articles: 4 - Demographic Economics: General
J11Articles: 4 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J12Articles: 1 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
J13Articles: 2 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
J14Articles: 4 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination
J15Articles: 1 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
J16Articles: 7 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
J17Articles: 1 - Value of Life; Forgone Income
J18Articles: 1 - Demographic Economics: Public Policy
J19 - Demographic Economics: Other
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J20Articles: 4 - Demand and Supply of Labor: General
J21Articles: 9 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J22Articles: 1 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J23Articles: 4 - Labor Demand
J24Articles: 12 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
J26Articles: 3 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
J28Articles: 1 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
J29 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
J30Articles: 3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
J31Articles: 7 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
J32Articles: 1 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
J38Articles: 2 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
J39 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other
J4Articles: 1 - Particular Labor Markets
J40Articles: 1 - Particular Labor Markets: General
J41Articles: 1 - Labor Contracts
J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
J46 - Informal Labor Markets
J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
J48Articles: 1 - Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy
J49 - Particular Labor Markets: Other
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
J50Articles: 2 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General
J51Articles: 2 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
J53 - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
J58 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy
J59 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
J6Articles: 3 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J60Articles: 2 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: General
J61Articles: 8 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
J63 - Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
J64Articles: 6 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
J68Articles: 1 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy
J69 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other
J7Articles: 1 - Labor Discrimination
J70Articles: 1 - Labor Discrimination: General
J71Articles: 4 - Labor Discrimination
J78 - Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
J79 - Labor Discrimination: Other
J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
J80Articles: 1 - Labor Standards: General
J81 - Labor Standards: Working Conditions
J82Articles: 1 - Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition
J83 - Labor Standards: Workers' Rights
J88 - Labor Standards: Public Policy
J89 - Labor Standards: Other
K - Law and Economics
K00 - Law and Economics: General
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K10 - Basic Areas of Law: General (Constitutional Law)
K11 - Property Law
K12 - Contract Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics
K14 - Criminal Law
K15 - Civil Law; Common Law
K16 - Election Law
K19 - Basic Areas of Law: Other
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K20Articles: 2 - Regulation and Business Law: General
K21 - Antitrust Law
K22Articles: 1 - Business and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K24 - Cyber Law
K25 - Real Estate Law
K29 - Regulation and Business Law: Other
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
K30Articles: 1 - Other Substantive Areas of Law: General
K31Articles: 1 - Labor Law
K32 - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K33 - International Law
K34Articles: 1 - Tax Law
K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
K36 - Family and Personal Law
K37 - Immigration Law
K38 - Human Rights Law; Gender Law
K39 - Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
K40Articles: 2 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General
K41 - Litigation Process
K42Articles: 1 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K49 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other
L - Industrial Organization
L00 - Industrial Organization: General
L1Articles: 3 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
L10Articles: 3 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General
L11Articles: 1 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
L12Articles: 2 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
L13Articles: 3 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L14Articles: 2 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
L15Articles: 3 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
L16Articles: 3 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
L19Articles: 1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
L20Articles: 3 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General
L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
L22Articles: 4 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L23Articles: 2 - Organization of Production
L24Articles: 1 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
L25Articles: 15 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
L26Articles: 3 - Entrepreneurship
L29Articles: 1 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
L30Articles: 1 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General
L31Articles: 2 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship
L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
L33Articles: 1 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
L38 - Public Policy
L39 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other
L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
L40Articles: 3 - Antitrust Issues and Policies: General
L41Articles: 1 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
L49 - Antitrust Policy: Other
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
L50Articles: 1 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: General
L51Articles: 1 - Economics of Regulation
L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
L53Articles: 1 - Enterprise Policy
L59Articles: 2 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other
L6Articles: 2 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
L60Articles: 7 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
L61Articles: 2 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
L68 - Appliances; Furniture; Other Consumer Durables
L69Articles: 1 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other
L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
L70 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
L73 - Forest Products
L74 - Construction
L78 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy
L79 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other
L8 - Industry Studies: Services
L80Articles: 2 - Industry Studies: Services: General
L81Articles: 1 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
L82Articles: 3 - Entertainment; Media
L83Articles: 3 - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
L85Articles: 1 - Real Estate Services
L86Articles: 1 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
L88 - Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy
L89 - Industry Studies: Services: Other
L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
L90 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General
L91 - Transportation: General
L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
L93Articles: 1 - Air Transportation
L94Articles: 1 - Electric Utilities
L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
L96 - Telecommunications
L97 - Utilities: General
L98Articles: 1 - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy
L99 - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other
M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics
M00 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: General
M1 - Business Administration
M10Articles: 5 - Business Administration: General
M11Articles: 1 - Production Management
M12 - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation
M13Articles: 1 - New Firms; Startups
M14Articles: 4 - Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility
M15Articles: 1 - IT Management
M16Articles: 1 - International Business Administration
M19Articles: 1 - Business Administration: Other
M2 - Business Economics
M20 - Business Economics: General
M21Articles: 6 - Business Economics
M29 - Business Economics: Other
M3 - Marketing and Advertising
M30 - Marketing and Advertising: General
M31Articles: 4 - Marketing
M37Articles: 2 - Advertising
M38 - Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation
M39 - Marketing and Advertising: Other
M4 - Accounting and Auditing
M40Articles: 2 - Accounting and Auditing: General
M41Articles: 6 - Accounting
M42Articles: 1 - Auditing
M48 - Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation
M49 - Accounting: Other
M5Articles: 1 - Personnel Economics
M50Articles: 1 - Personnel Economics: General
M51Articles: 2 - Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
M52 - Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
M53 - Personnel Economics: Training
M54 - Personnel Economics: Labor Management
M55 - Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices
M59 - Personnel Economics: Other
N - Economic History
N00Articles: 1 - Economic History: General
N01Articles: 1 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations
N10Articles: 2 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative
N11 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N12 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N13 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913
N14 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Europe: 1913-
N15 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East
N16 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean
N17 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania
N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
N20Articles: 1 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative
N21 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N22 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N23 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913
N24 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913-
N25 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East
N26 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean
N27 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania
N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
N30Articles: 2 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative
N31 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N32 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N33 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: Pre-1913
N34 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: 1913-
N35 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Asia including Middle East
N36 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Latin America; Caribbean
N37 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Africa; Oceania
N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
N40 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative
N41 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N42 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N43 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913
N44 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913-
N45 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East
N46 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean
N47 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
N50Articles: 1 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative
N51 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N52 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N53 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913
N54 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913-
N55 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East
N56 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean
N57Articles: 1 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa; Oceania
N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
N60 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative
N61 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N62 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N63 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913
N64 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913-
N65 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East
N66 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America; Caribbean
N67 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Africa; Oceania
N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
N70 - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative
N71 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N72 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N73 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913
N74 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913-
N75 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East
N76 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America; Caribbean
N77 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa; Oceania
N8 - Micro-Business History
N80 - Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative
N81 - Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N82 - Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N83 - Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913
N84 - Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913-
N85 - Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East
N86 - Micro-Business History: Latin America; Caribbean
N87 - Micro-Business History: Africa; Oceania
N9 - Regional and Urban History
N90 - Regional and Urban History: General
N91 - Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N92 - Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N93 - Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913
N94 - Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913-
N95 - Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East
N96 - Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean
N97 - Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania
O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
O00Articles: 1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
O1Articles: 2 - Economic Development
O10Articles: 6 - Economic Development: General
O11Articles: 19 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O12Articles: 3 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O13Articles: 2 - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
O14Articles: 5 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
O15Articles: 10 - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
O16Articles: 9 - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
O17Articles: 1 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
O18Articles: 2 - Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
O19Articles: 2 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
O2Articles: 1 - Development Planning and Policy
O20 - Development Planning and Policy: General
O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
O22 - Project Analysis
O23Articles: 1 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
O24Articles: 1 - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
O25 - Industrial Policy
O29 - Development Planning and Policy: Other
O3Articles: 3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
O30Articles: 4 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General
O31Articles: 8 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O32Articles: 7 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O33Articles: 7 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
O34Articles: 3 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
O35 - Social Innovation
O38Articles: 3 - Technological Change: Government Policy
O39 - Technological Change: Other
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
O40Articles: 9 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General
O41Articles: 3 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O42 - Monetary Growth Models
O43Articles: 3 - Institutions and Growth
O44Articles: 3 - Environment and Growth
O47Articles: 16 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O49 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other
O5Articles: 1 - Economywide Country Studies
O50 - Economywide Country Studies: General
O51 - Economywide Country Studies: U.S.; Canada
O52Articles: 14 - Economywide Country Studies: Europe
O53Articles: 3 - Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East
O54 - Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean
O55Articles: 4 - Economywide Country Studies: Africa
O56Articles: 1 - Economywide Country Studies: Oceania
O57Articles: 6 - Comparative Studies of Countries
P - Economic Systems
P00 - Economic Systems: General
P1 - Capitalist Systems
P10 - Capitalist Systems: General
P11Articles: 1 - Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
P14 - Capitalist Systems: Property Rights
P16Articles: 1 - Capitalist Systems: Political Economy
P17 - Capitalist Systems: Performance and Prospects
P18 - Energy; Environment
P19 - Capitalist Systems: Other
P2Articles: 2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
P20Articles: 2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General
P21 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P22Articles: 2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices
P23Articles: 1 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
P24Articles: 1 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
P25 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
P26Articles: 2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy; Property Rights
P27Articles: 2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects
P28Articles: 2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
P29 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Other
P3Articles: 1 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
P30Articles: 2 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General
P31Articles: 1 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
P32Articles: 1 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
P33Articles: 2 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid
P34Articles: 3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics
P35Articles: 1 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics
P36 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training: Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
P37 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
P39 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other
P4 - Other Economic Systems
P40 - Other Economic Systems: General
P41 - Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P42 - Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
P43 - Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics
P44Articles: 1 - Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
P45Articles: 1 - Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid
P46 - Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
P47 - Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects
P48 - Other Economic Systems: Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
P49 - Other Economic Systems: Other
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
P50Articles: 1 - Comparative Economic Systems: General
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
P52Articles: 4 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
P59Articles: 1 - Comparative Economic Systems: Other
Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General
Q01Articles: 1 - Sustainable Development
Q02Articles: 2 - Commodity Markets
Q1 - Agriculture
Q10Articles: 2 - Agriculture: General
Q11Articles: 1 - Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
Q12Articles: 1 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
Q14Articles: 1 - Agricultural Finance
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
Q18Articles: 3 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
Q19 - Agriculture: Other
Q2Articles: 1 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Q20 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: General
Q21 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices
Q22 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture
Q23 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry
Q24 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land
Q25 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
Q28Articles: 1 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
Q29 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
Q30 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General
Q31 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices
Q32Articles: 1 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q33Articles: 1 - Resource Booms
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Q37Articles: 1 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
Q38 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
Q39 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other
Q4 - Energy
Q40 - Energy: General
Q41Articles: 1 - Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43Articles: 4 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q47Articles: 2 - Energy Forecasting
Q48 - Energy: Government Policy
Q49Articles: 1 - Energy: Other
Q5Articles: 1 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - Environmental Economics: General
Q51Articles: 1 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
Q53Articles: 2 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming
Q55 - Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation
Q56Articles: 7 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
Q58Articles: 3 - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
Q59 - Environmental Economics: Other
R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
R00Articles: 1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: General
R1Articles: 1 - General Regional Economics
R10Articles: 2 - General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data)
R11Articles: 5 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
R12Articles: 4 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R13Articles: 2 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
R14Articles: 1 - Land Use Patterns
R15Articles: 3 - General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models
R19 - General Regional Economics: Other
R2Articles: 2 - Household Analysis
R20Articles: 1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: General
R21Articles: 5 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Housing Demand
R22 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Other Demand
R23Articles: 3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
R28 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Government Policy
R29 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: Other
R3Articles: 1 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location
R30Articles: 1 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General
R31Articles: 7 - Housing Supply and Markets
R32Articles: 1 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis
R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
R38 - Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policy
R39 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: Other
R4 - Transportation Economics
R40Articles: 1 - Transportation Economics: General
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
R42 - Transportation Economics: Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance, Transportation Planning
R48 - Transportation Economics: Government Pricing and Policy
R49Articles: 2 - Transportation Economics: Other
R5 - Regional Government Analysis
R50Articles: 1 - Regional Government Analysis: General
R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
R52 - Regional Government Analysis: Land Use and Other Regulations
R53Articles: 2 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
R58Articles: 3 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
R59 - Regional Government Analysis: Other
Y - Miscellaneous Categories
Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
Y10Articles: 1 - Data: Tables and Charts
Y2 - Introductory Material
Y20 - Introductory Material
Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)
Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
Y6 - Excerpts
Y60 - Excerpt
Y7 - No Author General Discussions
Y70 - No Author General Discussions
Y8 - Related Disciplines
Y80 - Related Disciplines
Y9 - Miscellaneous Categories: Other
Y90 - Miscellaneous Categories: Other
Y91 - Pictures and Maps
Y92 - Novels, Self-Help Books, etc.
Z - Other Special Topics
Z00 - Other Special Topics: General
Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
Z10 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology: General
Z11 - Cultural Economics: Economics of the Arts and Literature
Z12 - Cultural Economics: Religion
Z13Articles: 2 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification
Z18 - Cultural Economics: Public Policy
Z19 - Cultural Economics: Other
Z2 - Sports Economics
Z20 - Sports Economics: General
Z21 - Sports Economics: Industry Studies
Z22 - Sports Economics: Labor Issues
Z23 - Sports Economics: Finance
Z28 - Sports Economics: Policy
Z29 - Sports Economics: Other
Z3 - Tourism Economics
Z30 - Tourism Economics: General
Z31 - Tourism: Industry Studies
Z32 - Tourism and Development
Z33 - Tourism: Marketing and Finance
Z38 - Tourism: Policy
Z39 - Tourism: Other
