Prague Economic Papers 2024, 33(4):444-477 | DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.864

Incidence of Poverty in Working-age Population in EU Countries: A Gender Perspective

Eva Kovářová ORCID..., Tereza Vašenková
Faculty of Economics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic

Poverty reduction has long been one of the political priorities of the European Union and its member states. Despite the political declarations and measures applied, poverty is still a phenomenon that affects the everyday lives of about 70 million Europeans. Moreover, trends in poverty incidence show how poverty risks are sensitive to overall socio-economic development and how they are more actual for some vulnerable population groups. Following the popular concept of poverty feminization, the analysis presented in the paper aims to identify gender perspective relationship between the poverty incidence and characteristics describing the situation on the labour market or the levels of attained education in EU-27 countries. Attention is paid to poverty incidence among women and men of working age (population aged from 25 to 54 years) and differences are examined in the relationship to the position of both genders on the labour market. Presented findings, based mainly on the results obtained from the panel regression analysis performed for the period 2007-2020, suggest that policymakers should integrate a gender perspective into all policies focused on poverty reduction.

Klíčová slova: education, gender, gender equality, labour market, panel regression analysis, poverty, social exclusion
JEL classification: I32, I38

Vloženo: 2. srpen 2023; Revidováno: 30. březen 2024; Přijato: 10. květen 2024; Zveřejněno: 30. srpen 2024  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Kovářová, E., & Vašenková, T. (2024). Incidence of Poverty in Working-age Population in EU Countries: A Gender Perspective. Prague Economic Papers, 33(4), 444-477. doi: 10.18267/j.pep.864
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Zobrazit celý článek

    Reference

    1. Adams, R. H. (2003). Economic Growth, Inequality, and Poverty. The World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper 2971.
    2. Aisa, R., Larramona, G., Pueyo, F. (2019). Poverty in Europe by Gender: The Role of Education and Labor Status. Economic Analysis and Policy, 63, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.04.009 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    3. Atkinson, A. B. (2010). Poverty and the EU: the New Decade. Macerata Lectures on European Economic Policy. Macerata University. Working Paper 24.
    4. Atkinson, R., Davoudi, S. (2000). The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union: Context, Development and Possibilities. Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(3),427-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00229 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    5. Barcena-Martin, E., Moro Egido, A. I. (2013). Country Differences in the Gender Effect on Poverty in Europe. The Papers 13/02, Department of Economic Theory and Economic History of the University of Granada.
    6. Bastos, A., Casaca, S. F., Nunes, F., Pereirinha, J. (2009). Women and Poverty: A Gender-sensitive Approach. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 38(5), 764-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.008 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    7. Bennett, F., Daly, M. (2014). Poverty through a Gender Lens: Evidence and Policy Review on Gender and Poverty. University of Oxford, Department of Social Policy and Intervention.
    8. Botti, F., Corsi, M., D'Ippoliti, C. (2012). The Gendered Nature of Multidimensional Poverty in the European Union. Brussels, Centre Emile Bernheim, Working Paper No. 12/026.
    9. Bruderl, J., Ludwig, V. (2014). Fixed-effects Panel Regression. in Best, H., Wolf, C. eds., The Sage Handbook of Regression Analysis and Causal Inference. Sage Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4462-5244-4 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    10. Casper, L. M., McLanahan, S. S., Garfinkel, I. (1994). The Gender Poverty Gap: What We Can Learn from Other Countries. American Sociological Review, 59(4), 594-605. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095933 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    11. Commission of the European Communities (1992). Communication from the Commission. Towards a Europe of Solidarity.
    12. Copeland, P., Daly, M. (2014). Poverty and Social Policy in Europe 2020: Ungovernable and Ungoverned. Policy and Politics, 42(3), 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557312X655503 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    13. Council of Europe (2007). The Feminization of Poverty. Resolution 1558(2007) of the Parliament.
    14. Council of the European Union (1985). Council Decision of 19 December 1984 on Specific Community Action to Combat Poverty. 85/8/EEC, OJEC, L 2, Brussels.
    15. Daly, M. (2012). Paradigms in EU Social Policy: A Critical Account of Europe 2020. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 18(3), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258912448598 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    16. Darvas, Z. (2017). Why Is It So Hard to Reach the EU's 'Poverty' Target? Bruegel Policy Contribution, No. 2017/1
    17. Dudek, H. (2019). Country-level Drivers of Severe Material Deprivation Rates in the EU. Ekonomický časopis, 67(1), 33-51.
    18. European Union (2023). The Treaty of Rome.
    19. European Union (2012a). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union.
    20. European Union (2012b). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
    21. European Commission (2023). Eurostat. Data - Database.
    22. European Commission (2021). The European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan.
    23. European Commission (2010). Europe 2020. European Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive growth.
    24. European Commission (2003). "Laeken" Indicators - Detailed Calculation Methodology.
    25. European Communities (1992). Treaty on European Union.
    26. European Council (2000). Lisbon European Council. Presidency Conclusions.
    27. European Network of Equality Bodies (2020). Equality Bodies Working on the Rights and Discriminations Faced by Trans and Intersex Persons. An EQUINET Discussion Paper. ISBN 978-92-95112-41-4.
    28. Filandri, M., Struffolino, E. (2018). Individual and Household In-work Poverty in Europe: Understanding the Role of Labor Market Characteristics. European Societies, 21(1), 130-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1536800 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    29. Gradin, C., del Rio, C., Canto, O. (2010). Gender Wage Discrimination and Poverty in the EU. Feminist Economics, 16(2), 73-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701003731831 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    30. Glassman, B. (2020). An Analysis of the Gender Poverty Gap using the American Community Survey. Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division, U.S. Census Bureau. SEHSD Working Paper 2020(12).
    31. Gornick, J. C., Boeri, N. (2016). Gender and Poverty. In: Brady, D., Burton, L. M. (eds) The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-991405-0. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    32. Hagenaars, A. J. M., de Vos K., Zaidi, M. A. (1994). Poverty Statistics in the Late 1980s: Research Based on Micro-data. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
    33. Herman, E. (2014). Working Poverty in the European Union and its Main Determinants: An Empirical Analysis. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 25(4), 427-436. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.25.4.6339 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    34. Hill D. T., Davis, P. A., Roos, J. M., French, T. M. (2020). Limitations of Fixed Effects Models for Panel Data. Sociological Perspectives, 633(3), 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121419863785 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    35. Ichwara, J. M., Kiriti-Ng'ang'a, T. W., Wambugu, A. (2023). Changes in Gender Differences in Household Poverty in Kenya. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2191455 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    36. Kenworthy, L. (2011). Progress for the Poor. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199591527. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    37. Kramer, K. Z., Myhra, L. L., Zuiker, V. S., Bauer J. W. (2016). Comparison of Poverty and Income Disparity of Single Mothers and Fathers Across Three Decades: 1990-2010. Gender Issues, 33, 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-015-9144-3 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    38. Leventi, C., Sutherland H., Tasseva Valentinova, I. (2019). Improving Poverty Reduction in Europe: What Works Best Where? Journal of European Social Policy, 29(1), 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718792130 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    39. Lustig, N., Arias, O., Rigolini, J. (2002). Poverty Reduction and Economic Growth: A Two-Way Causality. Inter-American Development Bank. Sustainable Development Department. Technical Papers Series.
    40. Michalek, A., Vybostok, J. (2019). Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty in the EU. Social Indicators Research, 141, 611-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1858-7 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    41. Misra, J., Moller, S., Budig, M. J. (2007). Work-Family Policies and Poverty for Partnered and Single Women in Europe and North America. Gender & Society, 21(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243207308445 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    42. McLanahan, S. S., Kelly, E. L. (2006). The Feminization of Poverty. In Saltzman Chafetz, J. Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. Boston, MA: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-36218-2, pp. 127-145. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    43. Nandori S. E. (2010). The Effect of Economic Growth on Poverty in Eastern Europe. Zarzadzanie Publicne, 1-2(9-10), 21-36.
    44. Nolan, B., Whelan, Ch. T. (2011). The EU 2020 Poverty Target. Amsterdam, AIAS, GINI Discussion Paper 19.
    45. Page, L., Pande, R. (2018). Ending Global Poverty: Why Money Isn't Enough. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(4), 173-200, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.4.173. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    46. Palova, D., Vejacka, M. (2018). Analysis of Employment in EU According to Europe 2020 Strategy Targets. Economics and Sociology, 11(3), 96-112. https://dpo.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-3/6 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    47. Pantazis, C., Ruspini, E. (2006). Gender, Poverty and Social Exclusion. In Pantazis, C., Gordon, D., Levitas, R. (eds). Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain. The Millennium Survey. Bristol: Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447366843.ch013 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    48. Pena-Casas, R., Ghailani, D. (2011). Towards Individualizing Gender In-Work Poverty Risks. In Fraser, N., Gutiérrez, R., Pena-Casas, R. (eds). Working Poverty in Europe. Work and Welfare in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230307599_10 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    49. Perez Lopez, C. (2021). Econometric Models with Panel Data: Applications with Stata. Scientific Books. ISBN 978-1008984134.
    50. Pearce, D. (1978) The Feminization of Poverty: Women, Work and Welfare. The Urban and Social Change Review, 11, 23-36.
    51. Polizzi, A., Struffolino, E., Van Winkle, Z. (2022). Family Demographic Processes and In-work Poverty: A Systematic Review. Advances in Life Course Research, 52, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100462 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    52. Sainsbury, D., Morissens, A. (2006) Poverty in Europe in the Mid-1990s: the Effectiveness of Means-tested Benefits. Journal of European Social Policy, 12(4), 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1177/a028598 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    53. Schwarz, A.-M. (2023). Flying to Mars and Venus - the Gendered Nature of In-work Poverty in Europe. WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. Department of Economics Working Paper Series No. 348.
    54. Whelan, C. T., Maitre, B. (2012). Understanding Material Deprivation in Europe: A Multilevel Analysis. Amsterdam, AIAS, GINI Discussion Paper 37.
    55. World Economic Forum (2023). Global Gender Gap Reports.
    56. Zarkov, D. (2018). Poverty and Inequality in Europe. European Journal of Women's Studies, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506818762640 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...

    Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), která umožňuje nekomerční distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.


    Zpět na obsah