Prague Economic Papers 2023, 32(3):273-291 | DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.832
Evaluation of Relative R&D-led Growth with Specific Reference to Heterogeneous Time-varying R&D Decision: A Novel Approach
- a Adana Alparslan Türkeº Science and Technology University, Department of Business, Adana, Turkey & GLO Fellow, GLO, Essen
The relationship between R&D expenditures and firm growth is examined for a cross-country firm-level dataset for the EU countries in the period from 1989 to 2019. A panel dynamic average treatment effect is estimated using a panel time-varying dynamic difference-in-differences model. The methodology can be counted as novel. The results show a positive and significant relationship between R&D and firm growth within the first five years of R&D investment in the 22 EU countries, over 700 firms and 30 years. The main novelty of the present study comes from examining the time-varying effect of R&D expenditures on firm growth for manufacturing firms in EU countries.
Keywords: R&D, firm growth, EU countries, time-varying R&D-led growth, dynamic time-varying difference in differences, JEL Codes: L25, L29, O00
JEL classification: L25, L29, O00
Received: July 29, 2022; Revised: March 16, 2023; Accepted: March 17, 2023; Published: June 28, 2023 Show citation
References
- Aghion P., Howitt P. (1992). A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951599
Go to original source...
- Aghion P., Harris C., Vickers J. (1997). Competition And Growth with Step-By-Step Innovation: An Example. European Economic Review, 41, 771-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00036-6
Go to original source...
- Aghion P., Harris C., Howitt P., Vickers J. (2001). Competition, Imitation and Growth with Step-By-Step Innovation. Review of Economic Studies, 68, 467-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-937X.00177
Go to original source...
- Aghion, P., Bloom, N., Blundell, R., Griffith, R., Howitt, P. (2005). Competition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(2), 701-728. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/120.2.701
Go to original source...
- Amihud, Y., Goyenko, R. (2013). Mutual Fund's R2 as Predictor of Performance. The Review of Financial Studies, 26, 667-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhs182
Go to original source...
- Andres, C., Cumming, D., Karabiber, T., Schweizer, D. (2014). Do Markets Anticipate Capital Structure Decisions? - Feedback Effects in Equity Liquidity. Journal of Corporate Finance, 27, 133-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.02.006
Go to original source...
- Arrow, K. (1962). The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing. Review of Economic Studies, 29, 157-173. https://doi.org/10.2307/2295952
Go to original source...
- Banyi, M. L., Dyl, E. A., Kahle, K. M. (2008). Errors in Estimating Share Repurchases. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(4), 460-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.06.004
Go to original source...
- Bayoumi, T., Coe, D.T., Helpman, E. (1999). R&D Spillovers and Global Growth. Journal of International Economics, 47, 399-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00018-X
Go to original source...
- Berger, A. N., Udell, G. F. (2006). A More Complete Conceptual Framework for SME Finance. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(11), 2945-2966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.05.008
Go to original source...
- Bernanke, B. S., Gertler, M., Gilchrist, S. (1994). The Financial Accelerator and The Flight to Quality. NBER Working Paper no. 4789, Cambridge, Mass.
Go to original source...
- Blanco, L, Prieger, J., Gu, J. (2013). The Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth and Productivity in the US States. Pepperdine University, School of Public Policy Working Papers. Paper No. 48.
- Bronzini, R., Piselli, P. (2006). Determinants of Long-Run Regional Productivity with Geographical Spillovers: The Role of R&D, Human Capital and Public Infrastructure. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39(2), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.07.002
Go to original source...
- Brown, J. R., Petersen, B. C. (2009). Why Has the Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity Declined So Sharply? Rising R&D and Equity Market Developments. Journal of Banking & Finance, 33(5), 971-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2008.10.009
Go to original source...
- Capasso, M., Treibich, T., Verspagen, B. (2015). The Medium-Term Effect of R&D on Firm Growth. Small Business Economics, 45, 39-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9640-6
Go to original source...
- Carlaw, K., Oxley, L., Walker, P., Thorns, D., Nuth, M. (2006). Beyond The Hype: Intellectual Property and the Knowledge Society/Knowledge Economy. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 20(4), 633-690. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2006.00262.x
Go to original source...
- Cerulli, G., Marin, G., Pierucci, F., Poti, B. (2020). Do Company-Owned Academic Patents Influence Firm Performance? Evidence From the Italian Industry. The Journal of Technology Transfer, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-020-09840-3
Go to original source...
- Chen, S., Yu, D. (2022). Exploring The Impact of External Collaboration on Firm Growth Capability: The Mediating Roles of R&D Efforts. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01429-5
Go to original source...
- Chung, H., Eum, S., Lee, C. (2019). Firm Growth and R&D in the Korean Pharmaceutical Industry. Sustainability, 11(10), 2865. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102865
Go to original source...
- Cincera, M., Ravet, J. (2010). Financing Constraints and R&D Investments of Large Corporations in Europe and the US. Science and Public Policy, 37(6), 455-466. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X508642
Go to original source...
- Cincera, M., Ravet, J., Veugelers, R. (2016). The Sensitivity of R&D Investments to Cash Flows: Comparing Young and Old EU and US Leading Innovators. Economics Of Innovation And New Technology, 25(3), 304-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2015.1076201
Go to original source...
- Coad, A., Grassano, N. (2019). Firm Growth and R&D Investment: SVAR Evidence from the World's Top R&D Investors. Industry and Innovation, 26(5), 508-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2018.1459295
Go to original source...
- Coad, A., Rao, R. (2010). Firm Growth and R&D Expenditure. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19(2), 127-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590802472531.
Go to original source...
- Coad, A., Segarra, A., Teruel, M. (2016). Innovation and Firm Growth: Does Firm Age Play A Role? Research Policy, 45(2), 387-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.10.015
Go to original source...
- Coe, D. T., Helpman, E. (1995). International R & D Spillovers. European Economic Review, 39, 859-887. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)00100-E
Go to original source...
- Davidsson P., Wiklund, J. (2006). Conceptual and Empirical Challenges in The Study of Firm Growth. In Delmar, F, Wiklund, J, & Davidsson, P (Eds.) Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms. Edward Elgar Publishing, United Kingdom, pp. 39-61.
Go to original source...
- Demirel, P., Mazzucato, M. (2012). Innovation and Firm Growth: Is R&D Worth It? Industry and Innovation, 19(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2012.649057
Go to original source...
- Deschryvere, M. (2014). R&D, Firm Growth and the Role of Innovation Persistence: An Analysis of Finnish SMEs and Large Firms. Small Business Economics, 43, 767-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9559-3.
Go to original source...
- Di Cintio, M., Ghosh, S., Grassi, E. (2017). Firm Growth, R&D Expenditures and Exports: an Empirical Analysis of Italian SMEs. Research Policy, 46(4), 836-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.006
Go to original source...
- Ergün, B., Doruk, Ö. T. (2020). Effect Of Financial Constraints on The Growth of Family and Nonfamily Firms in Turkey. Financial Innovation, 6(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-020-00188-z
Go to original source...
- Expósito, A., Sanchis-Llopis, J. A. (2019). The Relationship between Types of Innovation and SMEs' Performance: A Multi-Dimensional Empirical Assessment. Eurasian Business Review, 9(2), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-018-00116-3
Go to original source...
- Falk, M. (2012). Quantile Estimates of the Impact of R&D Intensity on Firm Performance. Small Business Economics, 39, 19-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9290-7
Go to original source...
- Farrell, K., Unlu, E., Yu, J. (2014). Stock Repurchases as an Earnings Management Mechanism: The Impact of Financing Constraints. Journal of Corporate Finance, 25, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2013.10.004
Go to original source...
- Frantzen, D. (2000). R&D, Human Capital and International Technology Spillovers: A Cross Country Analysis. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 102(1), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184
Go to original source...
- Fritsch, M., Franke, G. (2004). Innovation, Regional Knowledge Spillovers and R&D Cooperation. Research Policy, 33(2), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00123-9
Go to original source...
- Griliches, Z. (1985). Productivity, R&D, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970's. American Economic Review, 76(1), 141-154.
Go to original source...
- Griliches, Z. (1980). R&D and the Productivity Slowdown. American Economic Review, 70(2), 343-348.
Go to original source...
- Griliches, Z. (1979). Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth. Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1), 92-116. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003321
Go to original source...
- Griliches, Z. (1973). Research Expenditures and Growth Accounting. in Science and Technology in Economic Growth (Ed: B.R. Williams), New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 59-83.
Go to original source...
- Grossman, G., Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Hemantha S. B., Chan S. Park. (1999). Economic Analysis Of R&D Projects: An Options Approach. The Engineering Economist, 44(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00137919908967506
Go to original source...
- Hovakimian, A., Li, G. (2011). In Search of Conclusive Evidence: How to Test for Adjustment to Target Capital Structure. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.07.004
Go to original source...
- Judd, K. (1985). On the Performance of Patents. Econometrica, 53, 567-585. https://doi.org/10.2307/1911655
Go to original source...
- Kalleberg, A. L., Leicht, K. T. (1991). Gender and Organizational Performance: Determinants of Small Business Survival and Success. Academy Of Management Journal, 34(1), 136-161.
Go to original source...
- Kou, G., Peng, Y., Wang, G. (2014). Evaluation of Clustering Algorithms for Financial Risk Analysis Using MCDM Methods. Information Science, 275, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.137
Go to original source...
- Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
Go to original source...
- Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of Economics. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.
- Martin P., Ottaviano G. (2001). Growth and Agglomeration. International Economic Review, 42(4), 947-968. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2354.00141
Go to original source...
- McKelvie, A., Brattström, A., Wennberg, K. (2017). How Young Firms Achieve Growth: Reconciling the Roles of Growth Motivation and Innovative Activities. Small Business Economics, 49, 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9847-9
Go to original source...
- Montmartin B. (2013). Centralized R&D Subsidy Policy in an NEGG Model: A Welfare Analysis. Louvain Economic Review, 79(1), 5-34. https://doi.org/10.3917/rel.791.0005
Go to original source...
- Montmartin, B., Massard. N. (2013). Is Financial Support for Private R&D Always Justified? A Discussion Based on Literature on Growth. Working paper GATE 2013-28. 2013.
Go to original source...
- Oliveira, B., Fortunato, A. (2017). Firm Growth and R&D: Evidence from the Portuguese Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 27, 613627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-016-0487-z
Go to original source...
- Perlitz, M., Peske, T., Schrank, R. (1999). Real Options Valuation: The New Frontier in R&D Project Evaluation? R&D Management, 29(3), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00135
Go to original source...
- Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 71-102.
Go to original source...
- Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York, NY: Harper.
- Singh, R. K., Garg, S. K., Deshmukh, S. G. (2008). Strategy Development by SMEs for Competitiveness: A Review. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 15(5), 525-547. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770810903132
Go to original source...
- Sisodia, G. S., Soares, I. (2015). Panel Data Analysis for Renewable Energy Investment Determinants in Europe. Applied Economics Letters, 22(5), 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.946176
Go to original source...
- Sokolov-Mladenoviæ, S., Cvetanoviæ, S., Mladenoviæ, I. (2016). R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: EU28 Evidence for the Period 2002-2012. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra¾ivanja, 29(1), 1005-1020. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1211948
Go to original source...
- Solow, R. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65-94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513
Go to original source...
- Spescha, A. (2019). R&D Expenditures and Firm Growth-Is Small Beautiful? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 28(2), 156-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2018.1443154
Go to original source...
- Stam, E., Wennberg, K. (2009). The Roles of R&D in New Firm Growth. Small Business Economics, 33, 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9183-9
Go to original source...
- Storey, D.J. (1994). New Firm Growth and Bank Financing. Small Business Economics, 6(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01065186
Go to original source...
- Tian, G. Y., Twite, G. (2011). Corporate Governance, External Market Discipline and Firm Productivity. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(3), 403-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.12.004
Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.