Prague Economic Papers 2015, 24(6):729-743 | DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.532
Investigating Exchange Rate Exposure of Energy Firms: Evidence from Turkey
- 1 Cukurova University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Adana, Turkey (skandir@cu.edu.tr)
- 2 Cukurova University, Kozan Faculty of Management, Adana, Turkey (ahmetersimis@yahoo.com).
- 3 Cag University, Faculty of Economics and Business, Mersin, Turkey (ilhanozturk@cag.edu.tr).
This study investigates the exchange rate exposure of Turkish energy firms from 2002 to 2010. We employed a regression model that is constructed by adding exchange rate and oil price factors to Fama-French Three Factor Model. Empirical results suggest that exchange rate risk appears to impact energy firms diversely. Among the 9 energy firms in our sample, only 2 firms seem to be exposed to exchange rate risk. These two energy firms appear to have larger open foreign currency positions and do not use any hedging methods. On the contrary, rest of the energy firms that are not found to be affected by exchange rate risk either seem to have smaller open foreign currency positions or employ hedging methods to manage exchange rate risk. Overall, our results provide evidence that energy firms exposed to exchange rate risk share similar characteristics.
Klíčová slova: stock returns, exchange rate exposure, energy firms
JEL classification: G12, G32
Zveřejněno: 1. leden 2015 Zobrazit citaci
Reference
- Adler, M., Dumas, B. (1984), "Exposure to Currency Risk: Definition and Measurement." Financial Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 41-50.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Allayannis, G., Ihrig, J., Weston, J. P. (2001), "Exchange Rate Hedging: Financial versus Operational Strategies." American Economic Review, Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 391-395, http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.2.391
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Arouri, M. E. H. (2011), "Does Crude Oil Move Stock Markets in Europe? A Sector Investigation." Economic Modelling, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 1716-1725.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Bartram, S. M. (2004), "Linear and Nonlinear Foreign Exchange Rate Exposures of German Nonfinancial Corporations." Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 673-699.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Basher, S. A., Sadorsky, P. (2006), "Oil Price Risk and Emerging Stock Markets." Global Finance Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 224-251.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Boyer, M. M., Filion, D. (2007), "Common and Fundamental Factors in Stock Returns of Canadian Oil and Gas Companies." Energy Economics, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 428-453.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Breusch, T. (1978), "Testing for Autocorrelation in Dynamic Linear Models." Australian Economic Papers, Vol. 17, No. 31, pp. 334-355.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (2011), Exchange Rate Data. Available at: http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr
- Charoenrook, A., Conrad, J. (2005), Identifying Risk Based Factors. AFA 2006 Boston Meetings Paper.
- Chow, E. H., Chen, H. L. (1998), "The Determinants of Foreign Exchange Rate Exposure: Evidence on Japanese Firms." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 153-174.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Cunado, J., Perez De Gracia, F. (2003), "Do Oil Price Shocks Matter? Evidence for Some European Countries." Energy Economics, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 65-83.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Dissou, Y. (2010), "Oil Price Shocks: Sectoral and Dynamic Adjustments in a Small-Open Developed and Oil-Exporting Economy." Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 562-572.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Dos Santos, J., Pedreira, E. B., Debona, S. (2011), "Changes in Evidences of Returns and Risks of Growth and Value Stocks in the Brazilian Market from January 2005 to June 2010, Based on the IBRX 50 Index." Journal of International Finance and Economics, Vol. 11, pp. 8-51.
- Ediger, V. Ş., Berk, I. (2011), "Crude Oil Import Policy of Turkey: Historical Analysis of Determinants and Implications since 1968." Energy Policy, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 2132-2142.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - El-Sharif, I., Brown, D., Burton, B., Nixon, B., Russell, A. (2005), "Evidence on the Nature and Extent of the Relationship between Oil Prices and Equity Values in the UK." Energy Economics, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 819-830.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Faff, R. W., Brailsford, T. J. (1999), "Oil Price Risk and the Australian Stock Market." Journal of Energy Finance and Development, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 69-87.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Fama, E., French, K. R. (1992), "The Cross-Section of Expected Returns." Journal of Finance, Vol. 47, pp. 427-465.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Fama, E., French, K. R. (1993), "Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds." Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 33, pp. 3-56.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Fama, E., French, K. R. (1995), "Size and Book-to-Market Factors in Earnings and Returns." Journal of Finance, Vol. 50, pp. 131-155.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Godfrey, L. G. (1978), "Testing against General Autoregressive and Moving Average Error Models when the Regressors Include Lagged Dependent Variables." Econometrica, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 1293-1301.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Hahn, T. (2011), "Size, Book-to-Market, and the Long Run Return of New Issues." Journal of International Finance and Economics, Vol. 11, pp. 95-104.
- Hsin, C. W., Shiah-Hou, S. R., Chang, F. Y. (2007), "Stock Return Exposure to Exchange Rate Risk: A Perspective from Delayed Reactions and Hedging Effects." Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 384-400.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Huffman, S. P., Makar S. D., Beyer S. B. (2010), "A Three-Factor Model Investigation of Foreign Exchange-Rate Exposure." Global Finance Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2010.03.004
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Industrial Development Bank of Turkey (2011), Energy Index. Available at: http://www.tskbendeksleri.com
- Istanbul Stock Exchange (2011), Financial Statements. Available at: http://www.imkb.gov.tr
- Istanbul Stock Exchange (2011), ISE-100 Index Data. Available at: http://www.imkb.gov.tr/Data/Consolidated.aspx
- Jayasinghe, P., Tsui, A. K. (2008), "Exchange Rate Exposure of Sectoral Returns and Volatilities: Evidence from Japanese Industrial Sectors." Japan and the World Economy, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 639-660.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Jorion, P. (1991), "The Pricing of Exchange Rate Risk in the Stock Market." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 363-376.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Kolari, J. W., Moorman, T. C., Sorescu, S. M. (2008), "Foreign Exchange Risk and the CrossSection of Stock Returns." Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 27, No. 7, pp. 1074-1097.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Lawrence, E. R., Geppert J., Prakash, A. J. (2007), "Asset Pricing Models: A Comparison." Applied Financial Economics, Vol. 17, No. 11, pp. 933-940.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Lintner, J. (1965), "The Valuation of Risky Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets." Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 13-37.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Mossin, J. (1966), "Equilibrium in Capital Asset Markets." Econometrica, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 768-783.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Nance, D. R., Smith, C. W., Smithson, C. W. (1993), "On the Determinants of Corporate Hedging." Journal of Finance, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 267-284.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Newey, W. K., West, K. D. (1987), "A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix." Econometrica, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 703-708.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Nguyen, H., Faff, R. (2006), "Foreign Debt and Financial Hedging: Evidence from Australia." International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 184-201.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Nydahl, S. (1999), "Exchange Rate Exposure, Foreign Involvement and Currency Hedging of Firms: Some Swedish Evidence." European Financial Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 241-257.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Oberndorfer, U. (2009), "Energy Prices, Volatility, and the Stock Market: Evidence from the Eurozone." Energy Policy, Vol. 37, No. 12, pp. 5787-5795.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Park, J., Ratti, R. A. (2008), "Oil Price Shocks and Stock Markets in the U.S. and 13 European Countries." Energy Economics, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 2587-2608.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Ramos, S. B., Veiga, H. (2011), "Risk Factors in Oil and Gas Industry Returns: International Evidence." Energy Economics, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 525-542.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (2011), Electricity Generation of Turkey. Available at: http://www.enerji.gov.tr
- Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Undersecretariat of Treasury (2011), Annually Compounded Interest Rates of Treasury Discounted Auctions. Available at: http://www.hazine.gov.tr
- Sadorsky, P. (1999), "Oil Price Shocks and Stock Market Activity." Energy Economics, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 449-469.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Sadorsky, P. (2001), "Risk Factors in Stock Returns of Canadian Oil and Gas Companies." Energy Economics, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 17-28.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Sadorsky, P. (2008), "Assessing the Impact of Oil Prices on Firms of Different Sizes: Its Tough Being in the Middle." Energy Policy, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 3854-3861.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Shapiro, A. C. (1975), "Exchange Rate Changes, Inflation, and the Value of the Multinational Corporation." Journal of Finance, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 485-502, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1975.tb01824.x
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Sharpe, W. F. (1964), "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk." Journal of Finance, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 425-442, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Strong, N., Xu, X. G. (1997), "Explaining the Cross-Section of UK Expected Stock Returns." British Accounting Review, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1-23.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Sözen, A. (2009), "Future Projection of the Energy Dependency of Turkey Using Artificial Neural Network." Energy Policy, Vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 4827-4833.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Suganthi, L., Samuel, A. A. (2012), "Energy Models for Demand Forecasting - A Review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 1223-1240.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - White, H. (1980), "A Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroscedasticity." Econometrica, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 817-838.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Vygodina, A. V. (2006), "Effects of Size and International Exposure of the US Firms on the Relationship between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates." Global Finance Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2, 214-223, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2006.05.001
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), která umožňuje nekomerční distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.
